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"[118] In December 2016, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor issued a report regarding violation of media freedom in Algeria. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. The mountain regions contain large forests of evergreens (Aleppo pine, juniper, and evergreen oak) and some deciduous trees. [102], The head of state is the President of Algeria, who is elected for a five-year term. Get Directions. The programme comprised economic, institutional, political and social reform to modernise the country, raise living standards, and tackle the causes of alienation. During his election campaign and following his re-election, Bouteflika promised to extend the programme of national reconciliation and a $150-billion spending programme to create three million new jobs, the construction of one million new housing units, and to continue public sector and infrastructure modernisation programmes.[88]. 3 déc. In the region of Ain Hanech (Saïda Province), early remnants (200,000 BC) of hominid occupation in North Africa were found. Increasingly, women are contributing more to household income than men. He worked to restore political stability to the country and announced a "Civil Concord" initiative, approved in a referendum, under which many political prisoners were pardoned, and several thousand members of armed groups were granted exemption from prosecution under a limited amnesty, in force until 13 January 2000. Algeria is classified as an upper middle income country by the World Bank. »[4] Après l'abordage de la flottille pour Gaza en 2010, l'Algérie a condamné « dans les termes les plus forts » l'agression israélienne contre la flottille d'aide internationale pour la bande de Gaza et a demandé une « forte et unanime » réponse de la communauté internationale. 2019 - Découvrez le tableau "Palestine" de Lea Turo sur Pinterest. The University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd in Tlemcen and University of Batna Hadj Lakhdar occupy the 26th and 45th row in Africa.[175]. Durant l'Opération Pilier de Défense en novembre 2012, le porte-parole du Ministère des Affaires Étrangères Amar Belani, au nom de l'Algérie, a fermement condamné, « l'agression israélienne contre la bande de Gaza » et a exhorté le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies et la communauté internationale à assumer leurs responsabilités et à « mettre fin à cette escalade dangereuse »[5]. The threat was so severe that residents abandoned the island of Formentera. For other uses, see, The first three decades of independence (1962–1991), The transcription of Tamazight in the Tifinagh alphabet is not, The transcription of Tamazight in the Arabic alphabet is not, Jonathan Conant, Staying Roman, 2012, pp. [112] The country is facing a number of short-term and medium-term problems, including the need to diversify the economy, strengthen political, economic and financial reforms, improve the business climate and reduce inequalities amongst regions. Precipitation is heaviest in the northern part of eastern Algeria, where it reaches as much as 1,000 mm (39.4 in) in some years. The indigenous cultural and religious resistance heavily opposed this tendency, but in contrast to the other colonised countries' path in central Asia and Caucasus, Algeria kept its individual skills and a relatively human-capital intensive agriculture. Jan 10, 2015 - Image discovered by Aïshah Savanah. The Algerian Football Federation is an association of Algeria football clubs organizing national competitions and international matches of the selection of Algeria national football team. [3] The President is the head of the army, the Council of Ministers and the High Security Council. Between 2007 and 2013, FDATIC subsidised 98 films (feature films, documentaries and short films). Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}28°N 2°E / 28°N 2°E / 28; 2. In this region, midday desert temperatures can be hot year round. One of France's longest-held overseas territories, Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants, who became known as colons and later, as Pied-Noirs. In 1516 the Turkish privateer brothers Aruj and Hayreddin Barbarossa, who operated successfully under the Hafsids, moved their base of operations to Algiers. The financial support provided by the state, through the Fund for the Development of the Arts, Techniques and the Film Industry (FDATIC) and the Algerian Agency for Cultural Influence (AARC), plays a key role in the promotion of national production. [88], In November 2008, the Algerian Constitution was amended following a vote in Parliament, removing the two-term limit on Presidential incumbents. From there they gradually gained the upper Algiers and Oran plains. Discontent among the ojaq rose in the mid-1600s because they were not paid regularly, and they repeatedly revolted against the pasha. The poor generally receive health care free of charge. Read full articles from Algerie360 and explore endless topics, magazines and more on your phone or tablet with Google News. The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that in 2005, Algeria had 4.5 trillion cubic metres (160×10^12 cu ft) of proven natural-gas reserves. Au cours de la Guerre de Gaza de 2008-2009, le premier ministre algérien Ahmed Ouyahia a déclaré « au nom du gouvernement, je tiens à exprimer notre ferme condamnation de crimes contre l'humanité perpétrés par Israël pendant une semaine contre le peuple de Gaza. [26][27][28][29] The Kabyle people were incredibly resistible so much so that even during the Arab conquest of North Africa they still had control and possession over their mountains.[30][31]. Several names are engraved in the history of the sport, including Lakhdar Belloumi, Rachid Mekhloufi, Hassen Lalmas, Rabah Madjer, Salah Assad and Djamel Zidane. [55] In 1551, the Ottoman governor of Algiers, Turgut Reis, enslaved the entire population of the Maltese island of Gozo. [140] In 2016 Algeria used 2.4 global hectares of biocapacity per person - their ecological footprint of consumption. Algerian cuisine is rich and diverse. Merguez sausage is widely used in Algeria, but it differs, depending on the region and on the added spices. [127], In 2011 Algeria announced a budgetary surplus of $26.9 billion, 62% increase in comparison to 2010 surplus. [103] The most recent presidential election was planned to be in April 2019, but widespread protests erupted on 22 February against the president's decision to participate in the election, which resulted in President Bouteflika announcing his resignation on 3 April. Algeria is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer. [46], Plague had repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Bonne question ! There has been a transition from cinema which focused on the war of independence to films more concerned with the everyday lives of Algerians. Each province, district, and municipality is named after its seat, which is usually the largest city. It also included a second amnesty initiative, the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation, which was approved in a referendum in September 2005. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast. [84] The war uprooted more than 2 million Algerians. The historic roots of Algerian literature go back to the Numidian and Roman African era, when Apuleius wrote The Golden Ass, the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety. Algeria consistently opposed Spanish fortresses and control in nearby Morocco through the 20th century. The last were evacuated to Sicily by the Normans and the few remaining died out in the 14th century.[32]. 24 févr. In 2009, the French government agreed to compensate victims of nuclear tests in Algeria. Algeria is divided into 58 provinces (wilayas), 553 districts (daïras)[citation needed] and 1,541 municipalities (baladiyahs). 364–365, "Had planning been better (barracks, hospitals, medical services), the drain on men would have been miniscule: it has been calculated that between 1831 and 1851, 92,329 died in hospital, and only 3,336 in battle." [33][34][35] Caliphates from Northern Africa traded with the other empires of their time, as well as forming part of a confederated support and trade network with other Islamic states during the Islamic Era. The Armed Islamic Group declared a ceasefire in October 1997. 22فيفري2019. It has a budget of €15.4 billion and provides the bulk of funding through a number of programmes. Days of Glory (2006) and Outside the Law (2010) recorded the highest number of admissions in the European Union, 3,172,612 and 474,722, respectively.[182]. Pages 112 Volume 1 Format 190 * 260 Release 17/04/2020 Conflicts, battles, and a lot of names and dates to remember… For some, History was a hard subject to master. Two of them were established in Numidia, behind the coastal areas controlled by Carthage. The Algerian road network is the densest in Africa; its length is estimated at 180,000 km (110,000 mi) of highways, with more than 3,756 structures and a paving rate of 85%. Rahaba music style is unique to the Aures. Among the important novelists of the 1980s were Rachid Mimouni, later vice-president of Amnesty International, and Tahar Djaout, murdered by an Islamist group in 1993 for his secularist views.[177]. Some stopped on the way, especially in Cyrenaica, where they are still one of the essential elements of the settlement but most arrived in Ifriqiya by the Gabes region. C. Faits Historiques Humanitaire Histoire Du Monde Christianisme Deception Beaux Hommes Afrique Humour Anglais. Après les Accords de Camp David l'Algérie avait rompu toutes relations diplomatiques avec l'Égypte et a continué à soutenir les Palestiniens, mais cette fois d'une manière discrète[1]. Both Atlas tend to merge in eastern Algeria. The area from the coast to the Tell Atlas is fertile. Boumediene's successor, Chadli Bendjedid, introduced some liberal economic reforms. [138], Access to biocapacity in Algeria is lower than world average. The only natural World Heritage Site is the Tassili n'Ajjer, a mountain range. Although French has no official status, Algeria is the second-largest Francophone country in the world in terms of speakers,[164] and French is widely used in government, media (newspapers, radio, local television), and both the education system (from primary school onwards) and academia due to Algeria's colonial history. [170], Health records have been maintained in Algeria since 1882 and began adding Muslims living in the south to their vital record database in 1905 during French rule. Currently, Algeria has 20,000 research professors at various universities and over 780 research labs, with state-set goals to expand to 1,000. The high point of Berber civilisation, unequalled until the coming of the Almohads and Almoravids more than a millennium later, was reached during the reign of Masinissa in the 2nd century BC. The presidios in North Africa turned out to be a costly and largely ineffective military endeavour that did not guarantee access for Spain's merchant fleet. La Vraie Algérie Aujourd'hui. Like the rest of North Africa, Algeria was one of the breadbaskets of the empire, exporting cereals and other agricultural products. In 146 BC the city of Carthage was destroyed. [19] Tools of this era, starting about 30,000 BC, are called Aterian (after the archaeological site of Bir el Ater, south of Tebessa). Barbary macaques are the sole native monkey. Several men and women were champions in athletics in the 1990s including Noureddine Morceli, Hassiba Boulmerka, Nouria Merah-Benida, and Taoufik Makhloufi, all specialized in middle-distance running. Algeria (/ælˈdʒɪəriə/ (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə; Arabic: الجزائر‎, romanized: al-Jazāʾir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Large numbers of the indigenous Berber people converted to Islam. Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Rustamid, Idrisid, Aghlabids, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. In 2008, the illiteracy rate for people over 10 was 22.3%, 15.6% for men and 29.0% for women. [88], Bouteflika was re-elected in the April 2004 presidential election after campaigning on a programme of national reconciliation. When introducing new provinces, the numbers of old provinces are kept, hence the non-alphabetical order. [46], The Kabyles were the only people in North Africa who were never conquered by the Ottomans. In the Aures, people played several games such as El Kherba or El khergueba (chess variant). Spain took control of few coastal towns like Mers el Kebir in 1505; Oran in 1509; and Tlemcen, Mostaganem and Ténès in 1510. News & Media Website. The military of Algeria consists of the People's National Army (ANP), the Algerian National Navy (MRA), and the Algerian Air Force (QJJ), plus the Territorial Air Defence Forces. This road is supported by the Algerian government to increase trade between the six countries crossed: Algeria, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Tunisia. Le sommet arabe d'urgence a proposé de soutenir l'intifada avec des aides financières[2]. ", "The Site of Ain Hanech Revisited: New Investigations at this Lower Pleistocene Site in Northern Algeria", "Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations", "Sketches of Algeria During the Kabyle War", "Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa (12th and 13th centuries)", "Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)", "African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century", https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lsVvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT219#v=onepage&q&f=true, "The Mysteries and Majesties of the Aeolian Islands", "When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed", "Vísindavefurinn: Hverjir stóðu raunverulega að Tyrkjaráninu? 31 déc. 3 déc. 25 of these universities and almost all of the institutions of higher education were founded after the independence of the country. [153], Indigenous Berbers as well as Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantine Greeks, Arabs, Turks, various Sub-Saharan Africans, and French have contributed to the history of Algeria. [108], Parliamentary elections were last held in May 2017. Total military personnel include 147,000 active, 150,000 reserve, and 187,000 paramilitary staff (2008 estimate). The country has a semi-arid geography, with most of the population living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. Its crude oil production stands at around 1.1 million barrels/day, but it is also a major gas producer and exporter, with important links to Europe. Finally, the staïfi music is born in Sétif and remains a unique style of its kind. In 2002, Algeria had inadequate numbers of physicians (1.13 per 1,000 people), nurses (2.23 per 1,000 people), and dentists (0.31 per 1,000 people). According to the World Bank, Algeria is making progress toward its goal of "reducing by half the number of people without sustainable access to improved drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015". It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member. 28.1% of Algerians are under the age of 15. 26 sept. 2020 - Découvrez le tableau "Algerie palestine" de Yazid Derouiche sur Pinterest. In the 1960s and 1970s under President Houari Boumediene, Algeria pursued a program of industrialisation within a state-controlled socialist economy. In recent years, the Algerian government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy. [88], In December 1991 the Islamic Salvation Front dominated the first of two rounds of legislative elections. Autonomous tribal states were tolerated, and the regency's authority was seldom applied in the Kabylie. The Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat (GSPC), a splinter group of the Armed Islamic Group, continued a terrorist campaign against the Government. Voyages. Its southern part includes a significant portion of the Sahara. ", "Vísindavefurinn: Hvað gerðist í Tyrkjaráninu? The economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. Neanderthal tool makers produced hand axes in the Levalloisian and Mousterian styles (43,000 BC) similar to those in the Levant. The earliest blade industries in North Africa are called Iberomaurusian (located mainly in the Oran region). 2020 - Découvrez le tableau "Algerie foot" de Abderrahmen sur Pinterest. [81], During the Second World War, Algeria came under Vichy control before being liberated by the Allies in Operation Torch, which saw the first large-scale deployment of American troops in the North African campaign.[82]. 2015 - Palestine lives in every Algerian's Heart Forever ! Voir plus d'idées sur le thème le mépris, guerre, enfant de palestine. 10,190 visits. In 1629 pirate ships from Algeria raided the Faroe Islands. Algerian officials and activists believe that this is a good first step and hope that this move would encourage broader reparation. conflit Collection de Chekratos. [114] The military expenditure was 4.3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012. 10 juin 2018 - Cette épingle a été découverte par Mo Ali. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème conflit, enfant de palestine, algerie palestine. By the early 4th century BC, Berbers formed the single largest element of the Carthaginian army. Colloquial Algerian Arabic is heavily infused with borrowings from French and Berber. During this time, only Kabylia resisted, the Kabylians were not colonized until after the Mokrani revolt in 1871. Among the most important universities, there are the University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, the University of Mentouri Constantine, and University of Oran Es-Senia. Author of several articles and books, including: L’Algérie révélée, la première guerre mondiale et le premier quart du XXe siècle,Droz, 1981 (2e éd. [115][116], In 2007, the Algerian Air Force signed a deal with Russia to purchase 49 MiG-29SMT and 6 MiG-29UBT at an estimated cost of $1.9 billion. The new leader received the title of Dey. The school offers two programs: general or technical. [80], During the late 19th and early 20th century; the European share was almost a fifth of the population. [72] French policy was predicated on "civilising" the country. Fearing the election of an Islamist government, the authorities intervened on 11 January 1992, cancelling the elections. 24 août 2019 - Explorez le tableau « FREE PALESTINE » de mohamednour, auquel 204 utilisateurs de Pinterest sont abonnés. We can say that in the 13th century the Arabs were in all of North Africa, with the exception of the main mountain ranges and certain coastal regions which remained entirely Berber. [93], A wave of economic protests in February and March 2011 prompted the Algerian government to offer more than $23 billion in public grants and retroactive salary and benefit increases. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème algerie palestine, palestine, alger. [77][78] These settlers benefited from the French government's confiscation of communal land from tribal peoples, and the application of modern agricultural techniques that increased the amount of arable land. [74][75] On September 17, 1860, Napoleon III declared "Our first duty is to take care of the happiness of the three million Arabs, whom the fate of arms has brought under our domination. Chaâbi music is a typically Algerian musical genre characterized by specific rhythms and of Qacidate (popular poems) in Arabic dialect. [45], The region of Algeria was partially ruled by Ottomans for three centuries from 1516 to 1830. Barbary pirates often attacked the Balearic Islands. After 1689, the right to select the dey passed to the divan, a council of some sixty nobles. Most of the population is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. Après la Déclaration d'indépendance palestinienne, le 15 novembre 1988, l'Algérie est devenue le premier pays au monde à reconnaître le nouvel État palestinien et officiellement établi des relations diplomatiques complètes avec la Palestine le 18 décembre 1988[3]. [159][page needed], During the colonial period, there was a large (10% in 1960)[160] European population who became known as Pied-Noirs. [147] About 90% of Algerians live in the northern, coastal area; the inhabitants of the Sahara desert are mainly concentrated in oases, although some 1.5 million remain nomadic or partly nomadic. [17][18] Algeria was the site of the highest state of development of Middle Paleolithic Flake tool techniques. According to Robert Davis, from the 16th to 19th century, pirates captured 1 million to 1.25 million Europeans as slaves. The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Algeria.This is an incomplete list. This change enabled Bouteflika to stand for re-election in the 2009 presidential elections, and he was re-elected in April 2009. Algeria is a regional and middle power. This network will be complemented by the East-West Highway, a major infrastructure project currently under construction. Among these cakes, there are Tamina, Baklawa, Chrik, Garn logzelles, Griouech, Kalb el-louz, Makroud, Mbardja, Mchewek, Samsa, Tcharak, Baghrir, Khfaf, Zlabia, Aarayech, Ghroubiya and Mghergchette. Albert Camus was an Algerian-born French Pied-Noir author. After an earlier period during which the Algerian government tried to phase out French, in recent decades the government has backtracked and reinforced the study of French, and some television programs are broadcast in the language. L’Algérie a longtemps soutenu l'Organisation de libération de la Palestine depuis les années 1970 et les présidents algériens Houari Boumédiène et Chadl… [62], Barbary raids in the Mediterranean continued to attack Spanish merchant shipping, and as a result, the Spanish Navy bombarded Algiers in 1783 and 1784. Les relations entre l'Algérie et la Palestine fait référence aux relations historiques et actuelles entre l'Algérie et la Palestine. Defence Minister Herve Morin stated that "It's time for our country to be at peace with itself, at peace thanks to a system of compensation and reparations," when presenting the draft law on the payouts. The Algeria national football team qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup, 1986 FIFA World Cup, 2010 FIFA World Cup and 2014 FIFA World Cup. [93], The Algerian national oil company is Sonatrach, which plays a key role in all aspects of the oil and natural gas sectors in Algeria. The development of the tourism sector in Algeria had previously been hampered by a lack of facilities, but since 2004 a broad tourism development strategy has been implemented resulting in many hotels of a high modern standard being built. 29 janv. Contemporary Algerian cinema is various in terms of genre, exploring a wider range of themes and issues. The highest point is Mount Tahat (3,003 metres or 9,852 feet). [24][25] Furthermore, during the rule of the Romans, Byzantines, Vandals and Carthaginians the Kabyle people were the only or one of the few in North Africa who remained independent. He appoints the Prime Minister who is also the head of government. It has the highest Human Development Index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent, based largely on energy exports. [110], Tensions between Algeria and Morocco in relation to the Western Sahara have been an obstacle to tightening the Arab Maghreb Union, nominally established in 1989, but which has carried little practical weight.[111]. Racing (fantasia) and rifle shooting are part of cultural recreation of the Algerians. The indigenous Amazigh tribes, however, remained largely independent, and depending on tribe, location and time controlled varying parts of the Maghreb, at times unifying it (as under the Fatimids). The administrative divisions have changed several times since independence. The dey was elected for a life term, but in the 159 years (1671–1830) that the system survived, fourteen of the twenty-nine deys were assassinated. In the Sahara region, some oases have palm trees. Découvrez vos propres épingles sur Pinterest et enregistrez-les. Elected politicians have relatively little sway over Algeria. Masinissa's line survived until 24 AD, when the remaining Berber territory was annexed to the Roman Empire. Media. ", "Algeria (Djazaïria) historical demographic data of the whole country", "France's colonial-era crimes 'unforgotten' in Algeria", "That Was Then, This Is Now: The Battle of Algiers and After", 98 Die in One of Algerian Civil War's Worst Massacres, "Algeria Officially Lifts State of Emergency", "Algeria parliament to meet on Tuesday to name interim president", "Heatwaves are on the rise in Algeria due to climate change, says specialist", "Climate Change in Algeria: Vulnerability and Strategy of Mitigation and Adaptation", Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material", "Algeria's president Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns after 20 years", "Algeria election: Fresh protests as Tebboune replaces Bouteflika", "Algerian constitution الحـقــوق والحــرّيـات", "IPU PARLINE database: ALGERIA (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani), Full text", "France offers compensation to victims sickened by nuclear tests", "Bin Ali calls for reactivating Arab Maghreb Union, Tunisia-Maghreb, Politics", International Institute for Strategic Studies, "The Nuclear Vault: The Algerian Nuclear Problem", "Venezuela's Chavez To Finalise Russian Submarines Deal", "Algeria must stop crushing dissent by imprisoning journalists and activists", "Algérie : Dissolution du Snateg, le secrétaire général conteste", "Le Snategs dénonce et décide de porter plainte | Le Matin d'Algérie", "Algérie : Les droits des travailleurs bafoués", "Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death", "During Pandemic, Algeria Tightens Vise on Protest Movement", "Brtsis, Brief on Russian Defence, Trade, Security and Energy", "Russia Agrees Algeria Arms Deal, Writes Off Debt", "Dubai-based firm forms $1.6 billion steel plant joint venture in Algeria", "Country Comparison: Natural Gas – Proved Reserves", "Le temps des crapules – Tout sur l'Algérie", "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018", "Algérie a atteint 40,4 millions d'habitants (ONS)", "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa", "A Quiet Revolution in Algeria: Gains by Women", "2013 UNHCR country operations profile – Algeria", United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, "Western Sahara: Lack of Donor Funds Threatens Humanitarian Projects", "Fiches thématiques – Population immigrée – Immigrés 2012", "Diversité et interculturalité en Algérie", "L'Algérie crée une académie de la langue amazigh", "La mondialisation, une chance pour la francophonie", Office national des statistiques d'Algérie, "Algeria's Liberation, Terrorism, and Arabization", "Algérie: Situation géographique et démolinguistique", "Library of Congress Country Studies – Algeria", "Taux d'Analphabétisme et taux d'Alphabétisation de la population âgée de 10 ans et plus selon le sexe et la wilaya de résidence", "Ecoles privées, Tamazight, enseignement du Français, syndicats ... – Les vérités de Benbouzid", "Le taux d'analphabétisme en Algérie est de 21,3%", http://citypopulation.de/Algeria-Cities.html, "Short guide to contemporary Algerian cinema", "Algerian novelist Ahlem Mosteghanemi designated UNESCO artist for peace", "Luce Ben Aben, Moorish Women Preparing Couscous, Algiers, Algeria", Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Union of Arab National Olympic Committees, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Algeria&oldid=1017432807, Arabic-speaking countries and territories, Berber-speaking countries and territories, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, States and territories established in 1962, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2018, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2013, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2013, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Algerian Arabic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with 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