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Isshiki, N. (1984). The compositional variations in the basalts resulted from the mixing of the differentiating aphyric magmas with variable proportions of the porphyritic magmas, derived from the 13–18 km-deep magma chamber. Ōshima is famous for Mt. Hamada, M. (2016). Es sieht wie eine Alltagsszene aus: Ein Wohngebiet im Sommer. Relationship between the Mg# of clinopyroxene phenocrysts and An content of coexisting plagioclase phenocrysts in 1950–51, 1986–87a, and 1986–87b products. Lithos 110, 247–261. Geoanal. For whole-rock analysis, rock specimens were crushed to coarse chips 3–5 mm in diameter. The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. those with higher abundance of plagioclase phenocrysts (Table 1) have higher Al2O3 contents. Google Maps: Wahnsinns-Entdeckung - Vor Küste Japans sind seltsame Dinge zu sehen, Kuriose Entdeckung im Hafenbecken: Schiffswrack mitten im Wasser, „Hidden Ship“ vor Japan: Fragen über Fragen stellen sich beim Anblick des Hotels, Golden Retriever mit einzigartigem „Makel“: Hund Enzo wird durch Gen-Mutation zu Instagram-Star, Maddie McCann vermisst: Hat Christian B. tatsächlich gestanden? They also showed that the plagioclase phenocrysts equilibrated with melt at different depths: at the near surface level, at ∼4 km depth, and at 8–10 km depth. Concomitant separation of strontium and samarium-neodymium for isotopic analysis in silicate samples, based on specific extraction chromatography. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. (1988) found that the Mg/Fe ratios of the YOG products generally tend to decrease over time. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. (2016) and Lu et al. Figure 4 shows the relationship between the Mg# of clinopyroxene phenocrysts and An content of the coexisting plagioclase phenocrysts (i.e., the clinopyroxene and the plagioclase showing evidence of contemporaneous growth) in products from recent eruptions (1950–51 and 1986–87) (Figure 2). The Group B2 samples are considered to represent aphyric end-member magmas with compositional diversity produced by fractional crystallization, and the Group A samples would have been magmas with a relatively high proportion of the porphyritic end-member magmas. Suda, Y., Okudaira, T., and Furuyama, K. (2010). The crystallization pressures and temperatures of the pyroxene phenocrysts were estimated by applying the two-pyroxene geothermobarometer of Putirka (2008) to clinopyroxene (cpx)–orthopyroxene (opx) pairs in Y1Ca, Y1Cb, 1950–51, and 1986–87a. The magma plumbing system, consisting of shallower and deeper magma chambers, is similar to that of the Miyake-jima volcano located near the Izu-Oshima volcano in the Izu arc (Amma-Miyasaka and Nakagawa, 2003; Kuritani et al., 2003). The 1876–77 and 1912–14 eruptions occurred on the bottom of the summit crater of Mt. (1988) showed that the Mg/Fe ratios of the eruptive products of YOG generally tend to decrease over time, and suggested that primary magma has not been supplied from the source mantle to the crustal magmatic system since the caldera formation. Enable JavaScript to see Google Maps. This map was created by a user. This work was supported by research grants from JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Nos. (2015) are also shown (plots in gray). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Sci. Soc. In the 1986–87b samples, the An content of plagioclase phenocrysts is positively correlated with the Mg# of clinopyroxene phenocrysts, with few outlying data. An updated calibration of the plagioclase-liquid hygrometer-thermometer applicable to basalts through rhyolites. Plagioclase phenocrysts, up to 3 mm in length, are commonly euhedral. Data other than those obtained in this study are taken from Ishizuka et al. A negative Eu anomaly is observed in all samples. Google Maps. In this context, we collected about 160 samples from the volcano and carried out a petrological and geochemical study on these samples to understand the basaltic magma plumbing system in more detail. Isotopic ratios were determined using a multiple collector (MC)–ICP–MS (Neptune plus, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at the Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University. The differentiation for the crystal-poor magmas was modeled using the major elements by the method of Bryan et al. The Group B1 samples have relatively higher Al2O3 contents compared with the Group B2 samples (Figure 8A). Considering that these elements are the main components in plagioclase, PC1 is considered to reflect fractionation of plagioclase phenocrysts (Figure 8C). 263, 182–192. Result of the principal component analysis. Lithos 29, 60–75. Because PCA allows us to examine the factors contributing to the variance in the multidimensional data, an increasing number of studies have applied it to high-dimensional geochemical data of volcanic rocks, and successfully resolved the causes of geochemical variations resulting from the heterogeneity of primary magmas and/or magmatic differentiation (e.g., Bosch et al., 2008; Kuritani et al., 2016; Ueki and Iwamori, 2017). As discussed above, the YOG basalts were derived from a single parental magma, and the essentially homogeneous 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios of the basalts suggests that crustal assimilation did not significantly occur. Similarly, in the 1986–87 eruption, the ejecta from the A crater are moderately plagioclase-phyric, whereas those from the B and C craters are aphyric. Figures 6A–D show the variation diagrams for Ni, Sr, Zr, and Ba plotted against SiO2 content. We show that compositional variations in the basalts resulted from mixing of differentiating aphyric magmas in a shallower magma chamber with variable proportions of porphyritic magmas derived from a deeper magma chamber, and propose a new scenario for the recent magma plumbing system at Izu-Oshima. Earth Planets Space 66:15. doi: 10.1186/1880-5981-66-15, Imai, N., Terashima, S., Itoh, S., and Ando, A. Nakamura, K. (1964). 106, 26–35. Polybaric degassing of island arc low-K tholeiitic basalt magma recorded by OH concentrations in Ca-rich plagioclase. (1995). Fujii et al. The activity is largely divided into pre-caldera (>∼1.5 ka) and syn- and post-caldera (<∼1.5 ka) volcanic periods (Nakamura, 1964; Isshiki, 1984; Kawanabe, 1998). Earth Planet. It has been suggested that the recent magma plumbing system for the main basaltic magmas consists of a magma chamber located at 8–10 km depth (estimated by an analysis of seismic waveforms by Mikada et al., 1997) and a deeper magma chamber (Meteorological Agency, 2008). 33, S234–S254. Notably, the data for the 1950–51 and 1986–87a products do not lie on the trend formed by the data of the 1986–87b products. Mit seinem originellen Heiratsantrag auf Google Maps beeindruckte ein Mann nicht nur seine Freundin, sondern auch Menschen auf der ganzen Welt. Vor der Küste Japans liegt die Insel Izu-Oshima. Orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene phenocrysts, which are up to 1 mm in length, are commonly euhedral. The volcanic activities of recent eruptions, including those in 1777–78, 1950–51, and 1986–87, were triggered by the injection of porphyritic magmas into the magma chamber at 8–10 km depth. Lett. Earthquake Res. The chips were rinsed with deionized water in an ultrasonic bath for >5 h and then dried at 110°C for >12 h. The washed chips were ground using an alumina mill. In this study, PCA was applied to 177 whole-rock data (this study; Fujii et al., 1988; Kawanabe, 1991, 1998; Ishizuka et al., 2015) of the major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3∗, MgO, CaO, and Na2O; i.e., six dimensions) that are sensitive to crystal differentiation. Darüber kann aber wohl nur spekuliert werden. The data can be divided into two groups: Group A with lower PC1 and PC2, consisting mainly of Y1Cb; and Group B with higher PC1 and PC2. However, the products commonly contain phenocrysts up to ∼5 vol.%; therefore, porphyritic magmas discharged from the deeper magma chamber might have been intermittently injected into the 8–10 km-deep magma chamber during the evolution of the S, N, and Y2–Y6 stages. MAGMA 93, 19–32. J. 57, 1223–1240. Eine irre Entdeckung bei Google Earth erscheint in Corona-Zeiten makaber. These scoria-fall eruptions were followed by an effusion of lava flows from craters on the caldera floor (Y1L in Figure 1). Sci. Petrol. The Izu-Oshima volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Japan, and has generated relatively large-scale eruptions every 30–40 years for the past 200 years. It is expected that aphyric magmas with similar compositions to (or slightly more differentiated compositions from) those of the end-member magmas for the 1950–51 eruptions were present in 1986 in the 8–10 km depth magma chamber. Solidification fronts and magmatic evolution. Volcanic activity began about 30–40 ka, and the volcanic edifice has been built on Late Pliocene–Pleistocene basaltic volcanoes (Kawanabe, 1998). Recently, Ishizuka et al. Vor der Küste Japans liegt die Insel Izu-Oshima. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the data. doi: 10.1180/minmag.1996.060.398.03, Meteorological Agency (2008). Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems. The data plotted on a PC1–PC2 diagram are shown in Figure 8C. Oder wurde es vielleicht doch entdeckt? These issues are especially important for determining the current state of the magma system and for predicting future volcanic activity, in order to better manage the potential risks associated with a future eruption. 42, eds A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norry (London: Geological Society London Special Publications), 313–345. In the figures, the data including those of S1, N2, and Y6 provided by Fujii et al. The compositions of the phenocryst-poor samples changed systematically from lower-PC1 and higher-PC2 compositions to higher-PC1 and lower-PC2 compositions with eruption ages from the S and N stages through the Y2–Y6 stages to the Y1 stage (Figure 10). The Izu-Oshima volcano, located on the volcanic front of the Izu arc (Figure 1), is one of the most active volcanoes in Japan, and younger volcanism (<∼1.5 ka) has produced mainly basaltic magmas with minor basaltic andesitic magmas. Mihara (scoria cone). J. FIGURE 11. Trace element concentrations and Sr and Nd isotopic ratios were determined for about 30 representative samples. X-ray fluorescence (XRF; RIX-2100) analysis of major and trace elements for silicate rocks by low dilution glass bead method. Some phenocrysts are homogeneous or normally zoned in terms of Mg# [100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe)], while others rarely show reverse zoning. Auch in Großbritannien taucht auf einer Wiese eine unerklärliche Bodenzeichnung auf. Therefore, the aphyric end-member magmas evolved progressively over time, at least, from the 7th to 20th century. At the Y1 and later eruption stages, porphyritic magmas stored in the deeper magma chamber played more important roles. 110, 355–369. FIGURE 7. Res. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00178/full#supplementary-material, Almeev, R. R., Ariskin, A. Ishizuka et al. Therefore, to predict future eruptions, it is important to monitor the discharge of porphyritic magma from the magma chamber at 13–18 km depth. Geochem. Investigating the influence of non-spectral matrix effects in the determination of twenty-two trace elements in rock samples by ICP-QMS. doi: 10.2343/geochemj.29.91, Ishizuka, O., Taylor, R. N., Geshi, N., Oikawa, T., Kawanabe, Y., and Ogitsu, I. 60, 5–40. Nature 340, 199–205. doi: 10.1007/BF00310750, Noguchi, T., Shinjo, R., Ito, M., Takada, J., and Oomori, T. (2011). Whole-Rock Chemical Composition of Lava and Ejecta of the An-Ei Eruption, Izu-Oshima Volcano. *Correspondence: Takeshi Kuritani, kuritani@sci.hokudai.ac.jp, Front. The main magmas can remain crystal-poor during the differentiation because compositional evolution proceeds through mixing of the melt. However, the plagioclase-rich Y1Cb sample has a significantly negative Eu anomaly (Figure 7). Copyright © 2018 Kuritani, Yamaguchi, Fukumitsu, Nakagawa, Matsumoto and Yokoyama. The whole-rock major and trace elements and Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the YOG samples (S2, N4, N3, N1, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1Ca, Y1Cb, Y1L, 1950–51, 1986–87a, and 1986–87b) are listed in Supplementary Table S1. The relative roles of boundary layer fractionation and homogeneous fractionation in cooling basaltic magma chambers. Phy. Petrol. Earth Planet. Microsoft has removed the Birds Eye imagery for this map. Intensive hydration of the wedge mantle at the Kuril Arc–NE Japan Arc junction: implications from mafic lavas from Usu Volcano, northern Japan. Das ist dank Google Earth und Google Maps kein Problem mehr und viele entdecken dabei kuriose Dinge. FIGURE 8. FIGURE 2. Concentrations of whole-rock major elements and some trace elements (Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Ba) were obtained by XRF spectrometry using a Rigaku RIX 2100 at the Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Suda et al., 2010, 2011), and a Spectoris MagiX PRO at the Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University. Polybaric crystallization differentiation of H2O-saturated island arc low-K tholeiite magmas: a case study of the Izu-Oshima volcano in the Izu arc. Report on Volcanic Activity of Izu-Oshima (Eruption Scenario of Izu-Oshima), the Coordination Committee for Prediction of Volcanic Eruption. The distributions of the products of the S1, N2, Y6, Y1Ca, 1876–1877, and 1912–1914 eruptions are not shown because those of S1, N2, and Y6 mainly occur as scoria fall deposits, those of Y1Ca are entirely covered by those of Y1Cb, and those of the 1876–1877 and 1912–1914 eruptions were mainly ejected inside the summit crater of Mt.

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